Guide for Source Selection by Element or Compound
Element or compound	Temperature (°C) at vapor pressor in Torr			Element Melting Temp.	Recommanded Cell		Element or compound	Temperature (°C) at vapor pressor in Torr			Element Melting Temp.	Recommanded Cell
	10-8	10-6	10-4					10-8	10-6	10-4
Ag	574	685	832	962	Standard or High Temp.		La	990	1212	1388	920	High Temp.
Al	685	812	972	660	New Al		Li	235	306	404	180	Low Temp.
Amoniac	...	...	...	...	Gas Injector		Lu	870	1228	1376	1663	High Temp.
As	104	150	972	817	Valved Cracker or Low Temp.		Metal Organic Compounds	...	...	...	...	Low Temp. Gas Cracker
Au	807	947	1132	1064	Standard or High Temp.		Mg	185	246	327	650	Low Temp.
Arsine	...	...	...	...	High Temp. Gas Cracker		Mn	505	611	747	1246	Low Temp.
B	1282	1467	1707	2075	Dopant Cell or High Temp.		N	...	...	...	...	Rf Plasma or Valved RF Plasma
Ba	272	354	462	727	Low Temp.		Na	74	123	193	98	Low Temp.
BaF2	729	840	984	...	Double Zone or High Temp.		Ni	927	1072	1262	1455	High Temp.
Be	707	832	997	1287	Dopant Cell		O	...	...	...	...	Rf Plasma or Valved RF Plasma
Bi	329	409	517	271	Low Temp.		Pred	54	88	129	White form 52	Valved Cracker
C	1657	1867	2136	3550	Carbon Doping		PbSe	346	420	514	1065	Low Temp.
Ca	282	357	459	842	Low Temp.		PbTe	339	413	508	917	Low Temp.
CaF2	817	938	1094	1360	Double Zone or High Temp.		Pd	842	992	1192	1555	High Temp.
Cd	74	119	177	321	Low Temp.		Posphine	...	...	...	...	High Temp. Gas Cracker
CdS	367	448	555	1750	Low Temp.		Pt	1292	1492	1747	1768	High Temp.
CdSe	359	438	543	1264	Low Temp.		S	-10	17	55	115	Valved Cracker
CdTe	290	362	455	1098	Low Temp.		Sb	279	345	425	631	Valved Cracker or Low Temp.
Co	922	1067	1257	1495	High Temp.		Sc	772	917	1107	1541	Double Zone
Cr	837	977	1157	1907	High Temp.		Se	63	107	164	221	Valved Cracker or Low Temp.
Cu	722	852	1027	1085	Double Zone or High Temp.		Si	992	1147	1337	1414	Si Source
Dy	625	747	897	1411	Double Zone or High Temp.		Sn	682	807	997	232	Dopant Cell
Er	649	777	897	1529	Double Zone or High Temp.		SnTe	314	384	473	780	Dopant Cell
Eu	283	361	466	822	Low Temp.		Sr	241	309	404	777	Low Temp.
Fe	858	998	1180	1538	High Temp.		Te	155	209	280	450	Valved Cracker or Low Temp.
Ga	619	742	907	30	Double Zone or Standard		V	1162	1332	1547	1910	High Temp.
Ge	812	947	1137	938	Hot /Cold Zone or Cold Lip		Y	957	1117	1332	1526	High Temp.
H	...	...	...	...	RF Plasma or Hydrogen Atomic or Valved RF Plasma		Yb	247	317	417	824	Low Temp.
Hg	72	-44	7	-38,63	Special Hg Valved Cell		Zn	123	177	247	420	Zn Sources
In	488	597	742	157	Double Zone or Standard		ZnS	487	582	704	1830	Low Temp.
K	21	65	123	64	Low Temp.		ZnTe	361	439	540	1238	Low Temp.